Furthermore, they are less influenced by temperature variations. Metal and metal oxide film are widely used nowadays, and have better properties for stability and tolerance. ![]() This layer is treated with a spiral cut to increase and control the resistance value. These are made of a non-conductive rod with a thin carbon film layer around it. The carbon film technique creates resistors with a better tolerance (less resistance value variation) than carbon composition resistors. For example, carbon composition is a very old manufacturing technique that creates a low precision resistor, but is still used for specific applications where high energy pulses occur. Carbon composition resistors have a body made from a mixture of fine carbon particles and a non-conductive ceramic. Often it is a trade-off between cost, precision, power, and other requirements. The choice of material technology is specific to the resistor purpose. Another breakdown based on the material and manufacturing process can be made:
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